Dear Students;
Please do the 7th Home work by;
1. Watch the Video clip posted on our Blog and answer these questions
a.What does Authentic Learning mean? please explain in very detail.
b.How much important that Bloom's Taxonomy for learning? You may consult Bloom's taxonomy from"wikipedia.org" and explain in your own words,please don't just"cut&paste"
2.Make an excerpt of the article from http://www.elearnmag.org/subpage.cfm?section=tutorials&article=20-1
3.one newscard
Good Luck
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17 comments:
Kay
no.1
Authentic learning is a pedagogical approach that allows students to explore, discuss, and meaningfully construct concepts and relationships in contexts that involve real-world problems and projects that are relevant to the learner.
If learning is authentic, then students should be engaged in genuine learning problems that foster the opportunity for them to make direct connections between the new material that is being learned and their prior knowledge. These kinds of experiences will increase student motivation.
Authentic instruction will take on a much different form than traditional methods of teaching. The literature suggests that authentic learning has several key characteristics.
Teachers have to prepare all the tools and necessary things for the subjects and if it is possible to put up ahead in the class and let it see before they were taught, so that they can think ahead and discuss in the class also.
There is a difference between the traditional process of learning in schools and the process of learning in the real-world. As a result, students have been unable to see any real-life connection with what they learn in school. Authentic learning offers the opportunity for teachers to bring the outside world into the classroom. In doing so, students can begin creating those connections. This will empower them to transfer their knowledge and skill learned at school into their everyday lives outside of school, thus making the value of learning much more important to them.
kay
no.2
Benjamin Bloom headed a group of educational psychologists who developed a classification of levels of intellectual behavior important in learning. Bloom identified six levels within the cognitive domain, from the simple recall or recognition of facts, as the lowest level, through increasingly more complex and abstract mental levels, to the highest order which is classified as evaluation.
Eventually, Bloom and his co-workers established a hierarchy of educational objectives, which is generally referred to as Bloom's Taxonomy, and which attempts to divide cognitive objectives into subdivisions ranging from the simplest behavior to the most complex.
It is important to realize that the divisions outlined above are not absolutes and those other systems or hierarchies have been devised. However, Bloom's taxonomy is easily understood and widely applied.
Six category that defined by Bloom are Knowledge, comprehension, application, analysis, synthesis, evaluation. According that level and can make objectives and give questions from according to that level.
And it is useful and helpful for the teachers to plan the lessons and usually teachers tend to make questions in the knowledge.
New e-mail law 'is an attack on civil liberties'
Murad Ahmed, Technology Reporter, and Richard Ford, Home Correspondent
Upcoming rules that force internet companies to hold details of every e-mail sent in Britain are a waste of money and an attack on privacy, according to a prominent security expert.
From March, all internet service providers (ISPs) will have to keep data about e-mails sent and received in the UK for a year. The content of individual e-mails will not be kept by the authorities, but the timing and number of each communication will be stored.
At the moment, a similar database of telephone records - fixed and mobile - is held by telephone companies. The implementation of an EU directive, agreed after the alleged plot in August 2006 to set off bombs aboard transatlantic airlines, will extend the information available to the Government to include e-mail and internet traffic.
The Government will reportedly have to pay the ISPs more than £25 million to ensure the law is obeyed.
But Dr Richard Clayton, a security researcher at the University of Cambridge's computer lab said the costs of the regulation could have been better spent.
"There's going to be a record of every single e-mail which arrived addressed to you and all the e-mails you sent out via your ISP,” he told the BBC. “That of course includes all the spam."
Opposition parties have also criticised the move. The Earl of Northesk, David Carnegie, a Conservative peer on the House of Lords Science and Technology Committee, said the proposals meant anyone's movements could be traced 24 hours a day.
"This degree of storage is equivalent to having access to every second, every minute, every hour of your life. People have to worry about the scale, the virtuality of your life being exposed to round about 500 public authorities.
"Under Article 8 of the European Convention on Human Rights, privacy is a fundamental right. . . it is important to protect the principle of privacy because once you've lost it it's very difficult to recover."
The Home Office said the data would be useful for combating crime.
A consultation paper to be published by the Home Office within the next few months will outline a range of options for updating storage arrangements including everything being held on a huge Government database or asking the private sector to hold it in one place.
Excerpt of Pedagogy and Andragogy
Pedagogy is derived from the Greek word "paid," meaning child plus "agogos," meaning leading. Thus, pedagogy has been defined as the art and science of teaching children. In the pedagogical model, the teacher has full responsibility for making decisions about what will be learned, how it will be learned, when it will be learned, and if the material has been learned. Pedagogy, or teacher-directed instruction as it is commonly known, places the student in a submissive role requiring obedience to the teacher's instructions. It is based on the assumption that learners need to know only what the teacher teaches them. The result is a teaching and learning situation that actively promotes dependency on the instructor (Knowles, 1984).
Up until very recently, the pedagogical model has been applied equally to the teaching of children and adults, and in a sense, is a contradiction in terms. The reason is that as adults mature, they become increasingly independent and responsible for their own actions. They are often motivated to learn by a sincere desire to solve immediate problems in their lives. Additionally, they have an increasing need to be self-directing. In many ways the pedagogical model does not account for such developmental changes on the part of adults, and thus produces tension, resentment, and resistance in individuals (Knowles, 1984).
The growth and development of andragogy as an alternative model of instruction has helped to remedy this situation and improve the teaching of adults. But this change did not occur overnight. In fact, an important event took place some thirty years ago that affected the direction of adult education in North America and, to some extent, elsewhere as well. Andragogy as a system of ideas, concepts, and approaches to adult learning was introduced to adult educators in the United States by Malcolm Knowles. His contributions to this system have been many (1975, 1980, 1984; Knowles & Associates, 1984), and have influenced the thinking of countless educators of adults. Knowles' dialogue, debate, and subsequent writings related to andragogy have been a healthy stimulant to some of the growth of the adult education field during the past thirty years.
The first use of the term "andragogy" to catch the widespread attention of adult educators was in 1968, when Knowles, then a professor of adult education at Boston University, introduced the term (then spelled "androgogy") through a journal article. In a 1970 book (a second edition was published in 1980) he defined the term as the art and science of helping adults learn. His thinking had changed to the point that in the 1980 edition he suggested the following: ". . . andragogy is simply another model of assumptions about adult learners to be used alongside the pedagogical model of assumptions, thereby providing two alternative models for testing out the assumptions as to their 'fit' with particular situations. Furthermore, the models are probably most useful when seen not as dichotomous but rather as two ends of a spectrum , with a realistic assumption (about learners) in a given situation falling in between the two ends" (Knowles, 1980, p. 43 ).
The andragogical model as conceived by Knowles is predicated on four basic assumptions about learners, all of which have some relationship to our notions about a learner's ability, need, and desire to take responsibility for learning:
Their self-concept moves from dependency to independency or self-directedness.
They accumulate a reservoir of experiences that can be used as a basis on which to build learning.
Their readiness to learn becomes increasingly associated with the developmental tasks of social roles.
Their time and curricular perspectives change from postponed to immediacy of application and from subject-centeredness to performance-centeredness (1980, pp. 44-45).
Andragogy as a concept and set of assumptions about adults was actually not new to Knowles' popularization of the term. Anderson and Lindeman (1927) had first used the word in the United States via a published piece, although Stewart (1986a, 1986b) notes that Lindeman apparently even used the term as early as 1926. Brookfield (1984) suggests that Anderson and Lindeman drew upon the work of a German author of the 1920's, Eugene Rosenstock. However, Davenport and Davenport (1985) assert that the word was first coined in 1833 by Kapp, a German teacher.
Several European countries, such as Hungary, Poland, and Yugoslavia, also had used the term prior to 1968. Hungarian educators, for example, place teaching and learning within an overall system called "anthropogogy" (Savicevic, 1981). This system is subdivided into pedagogy (dealing with youth education) and andragogy (concerned with adult education). There is some variety, too, in the application of related terms. Some countries use adult pedagogy, one (the Soviet Union) uses the term auto didactic among others to refer to adult education activities, and a few countries use andragology to refer to andragogical science (Knoll, 1981, p. 92).
Outside of North America there actually are two dominant viewpoints: ". . . one by which the theoretical framework of adult education is found in pedagogy or its branch, adult pedagogy . . . and the other by which the theoretical framework of adult education is found in andragogy . . . as a relatively independent science that includes a whole system of andragogic disciplines" (Savicevic, 1981, p. 88).
Knowles in describing his particular version of andragogy associated it with a variety of instructional suggestions and he, too, detailed roles of facilitation for instructors and talked about ways of helping learners maximize their learning abilities. His early work with andragogy and subsequent interpretation of the learning projects research by Tough (1978) and others led to a 1975 publication on self-directed learning where he provides a variety of inquiry projects and learning resources on the topic.
Knowles (1975) offered some reasons for his evolving scholarship in the area of self-directed learning. One immediate reason was the emerging evidence that people who take initiative in educational activities seem to learn more and learn things better then what resulted from more passive individuals. He noted a second reason that self-directed learning appears "more in tune with our natural process of psychological development" (1975, p. 14). Knowles observed that an essential aspect of the maturation process is the development of an ability to take increasing responsibility for life.
A third reason was the observation that the many evolving educational innovations (nontraditional programs, Open University, weekend colleges, etc.) throughout the world require that learners assume a heavy responsibility and initiative in their own learning.
Knowles also suggested a more long-term reason in terms of individual and collective survival: ". . . it is tragic that we have not learned how to learn without being taught, and it is probably more important than all of the immediate reasons put together. Alvin Toffler calls this reason 'future shock'. The simple truth is that we are entering into a strange new world in which rapid change will be the only stable characteristic" (Knowles, 1975, p. 15).
It is this ability to carry out individual learning long after the stimulation of some activity like a class or workshop is completed that we believe results from individualizing the instructional process (Hiemstra & Sisco, 1990).
Knowles and the andragogical movement as some refer to it, has not been without critics. Carlson (1989) summarizes some of the concerns many people have had about Knowles at times zealous promotion of andragogy. Welton (1995) brought together four other colleagues who share in various ways a more radical philosophy of adult education. They present several arguments against aspects of andragogy and self-directed learning.
However, it is clear that andragogy and Malcolm Knowles have brought considerable attention to the adult education field as a separate field during the past three decades. Applied correctly, the andragogical approach to teaching and learning in the hands of a skilled and dedicated facilitator can make a positive impact on the adult learner. Appendix A provides a bibliography that contains many of the references devoted to andragogy and Malcolm Knowles.
Authentic Learning
Authentic Learning is supplying the students with subject knowledge within the framework of the taxonomy of Bloom.
In 1956, Benjamin Bloom headed a group of educational psychologists who developed a classification of levels of intellectual behavior important in learning. Bloom found that over 95 % of the test questions students encounter require them to think only at the lowest possible level...the recall of information.
Bloom identified six levels within the cognitive domain, from the simple recall or recognition of facts, as the lowest level, through increasingly more complex and abstract mental levels, to the highest order which is classified as evaluation. Verb examples that represent intellectual activity on each level are listed here.
Categories in the cognitive domain of Bloom's Taxonomy (Anderson & Krathwohl, 2001)
Skills in the cognitive domain revolve around knowledge, comprehension, and "thinking through" a particular topic. Traditional education tends to emphasize the skills in this domain, particularly the lower-order objectives.
There are six levels in the taxonomy, moving through the lowest order processes to the highest:
Knowledge
Exhibit memory of previously-learned materials by recalling facts, terms, basic concepts and answers
• Knowledge of specifics - terminology, specific facts
• Knowledge of ways and means of dealing with specifics - conventions, trends and sequences, classifications and categories, criteria, methodology
• Knowledge of the universals and abstractions in a field - principles and generalizations, theories and structures
Questions like: What is...?
Comprehension
Demonstrative understanding of facts and ideas by organizing, comparing, translating, interpreting, giving descriptions, and stating main ideas
• Translation
• Interpretation
• Extrapolation
Questions like: How would you compare and contrast...?
Application
Using new knowledge. Solve problems to new situations by applying acquired knowledge, facts, techniques and rules in a different way
Questions like: Can you organize _______ to show...?
Analysis
Examine and break information into parts by identifying motives or causes. Make inferences and find evidence to support generalizations
• Analysis of elements
• Analysis of relationships
• Analysis of organizational principles
Questions like: How would you classify...?
Synthesis
Compile information together in a different way by combining elements in a new pattern or proposing alternative solutions
• Production of a unique communication
• Production of a plan, or proposed set of operations
• Derivation of a set of abstract relations
Questions like: Can you predict an outcome?
Evaluation
Present and defend opinions by making judgments about information, validity of ideas or quality of work based on a set of criteria
• Judgments in terms of internal evidence
• Judgments in terms of external criteria
Questions like: Do you agree with.....?
Some critiques of Bloom's Taxonomy('s cognitive domain) admit the existence of these six categories, but question the existence of a sequential, hierarchical link (Paul, R. (1993). Critical thinking: What every person needs to survive in a rapidly changing world (3rd ed.). Rohnert Park, California: Sonoma State University Press.). Also the revised edition of Bloom's taxonomy has moved Synthesis in higher order than Evaluation. Some consider the three lowest levels as hierarchically ordered, but the three higher levels as parallel. Others say that it is sometimes better to move to Application before introducing Concepts. This thinking would seem to relate to the method of Problem Based Learning.
Bussakorn Lert-itthiporn
ID:512-9501
A. Authentic Learning is a kind of learning approaches engages real life situations to create a meaningful learning experience for learners. Learners are connected with the real life situations or events in the learning process; able to construct and acquire knowledge from meaningful information. Many researches have shown that this kind of learning is very effective and widely used in classroom nowadays instead of using only the traditional learning. Teachers motivate learners by using the real world problems and apply theories in the level that learners are able to understand such as those which related to the learners’ lives. As cited in Tiffany Marra’s website, “As explained by Wolf et. al., children become more excited about literature when they are able to relate the stories to things they have already observed”
In authentic learning, it focuses on something that relates to real life. However, it does not mean that teacher has to take students to visit a temple to learn religion or take students to North Pole to see snow to get the feel of winter, Christmas, reindeer and Santa Claus. Teacher and school should make student’s experiences as real and as connected to what happen in real life as much as possible. By so doing, it increases the effectiveness in teaching and learning and reflection of students.
Technology is a good tool and one way to support authentic learning and make learners experience as closely to things happen in real life as possible. For example, it provides access to pictures, video, and other materials that can support learning experience to the things that happen in the real world but faraway.
B. The video file suggests about authentic learning that “learning must be authentic regardless of the mediums whether it is online or traditional”. In a book, the author talks about three thinking learning theories in an online class and involving Bloom’s Taxonomy of learning with the online learning. Bloom’s Taxonomy of learning has long been known since 1956 before there was the internet. It divides educational objectives into three domains, but the video focuses on the cognitive domain. Cognitive domain, according to Bloom (1956), consists of six levels of thinking skills which are Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis and Evaluation. The cognitive domain involves knowledge and the development of intellectual skills that is hierarchical, meaning that learning and acquiring knowledge at the higher levels must depend on building it from the lower levels upwards.
Chickering and Gamson carried this concept into the classroom and measure for effectiveness with seven principles for good practice in classroom education. Those seven principles are the main factors that create authentic learning. To effectively create a good quality of online learning, these seven principles must be applied and use with the framework of Bloom’s taxonomy. There are tools for online learning to be chosen such as HTML, online chat and discussion board. Choosing the right tools and using them must be applied to produce learning. Teaching methods are also important such online teachers are more like moderator and guide who must consider different learning styles and different type of learners.
Bloom’s Taxonomy concerns the learning objectives. Teachers use learning objectives to help them create effective teaching and learning. Therefore, applying Bloom’s taxonomy helps teachers cover all the essential areas for learners to acquire knowledge in the form of holistic education.
Bussakorn Lert-itthiporn
ID: 512-9501
The Basics of E-learning: An Excerpt from Handbook of Human Factors in Web Design
By Lisa Neal, eLearn Magazine, and Diane Miller, Aptima, Inc.
http://www.elearnmag.org/subpage.cfm?section=tutorials&article=20-1
Excerpt:
There are two terms able to use to categorize distance learning. One is called Synchronous e-learning and Asynchronous e-learning. Synchronous e-learning involves real time interaction independent of location such as video conference and web-conference. Some exaples for asynchronous e-learning are texts, graphics, audio- and videotape, compact disk-read only memory (CD ROM), online learning, audio- and video conferencing, interactive television and facsimile.
The disadvantages of distance learning are such as the lack of contact between students, teachers and peers, and cheating by having other people to do exam. The advantages are such as no need to travel distance and be able to spend time to do something else such as seeking knowledge.
Despites of the many good things about distance learning, it cannot really completely replace traditional learning. Traditional learning is more suitable for children and young adults who still need disciplines and face-to-face interaction. The same thing happens as technology cannot replace paper-based learning.
The history of distance learning firstly began with mails, respectively followed by radio, television, computer and CD-ROM, and internet. Internet has played an essential role in website e-learning. Video conference is created after the internet speed has increased. E-learning helps facilitate to process of effectively provide knowledge. For example, a good researcher may not be good at teaching or transferring knowledge to students. But with the cooperation of specialists in designing and planning the website, content, and instruction, online classroom and its content can be very useful and time-saving.
The problem for online learners is that sometimes they have so much freedom that they do not know what to do exactly like when they are in a physical classroom. Thus, teachers need to support them. Students need to have adequate technology skills and knowledge such as how to assess information and use online learning tools. Group work is also difficult to conduct since learning online usually learnt independently.
For students who are more familiar with online learning, they usually do better in online environment than to instructional classroom because there are more gateways open for learning to explore. Helpful services should be provided to support and equip them with skills and knowledge to use the technology in learning. Lastly, students must learn how to manage study time and be responsible to their own study, the class and the instructor.
Bussakorn Lert-itthiporn
ID: 512-9501
News Card No.8
Fake CNN site from phishing e-mail hides a Trojan
by Elinor Mills
CNET News - news.cnet.com/
8 January 2009
A new e-mail that is circulating looks like it comes from CNN and links to a fake CNN Web page offering "graphic" video related to the Israel-Hamas conflict but instead hosts a Trojan that steals sensitive data, RSA said on Thursday.
When someone clicks on the video link on the fake CNN site an error message pops up urging the visitor to download the latest version of Adobe Flash Player. Clicking on the download link installs an "SSL stealer" Trojan that captures financial and other sensitive information, RSA said in a blog.
The Trojan looks for encrypted communications between the computer and known financial institutions and when it sees data being sent it diverts it to a malicious third-party, said Sam Curry, vice president of product management and strategy at RSA.
The social-engineering attack is different in that the e-mail pretends to come from a media company and then tries to steal financial data, he said. "Normally when you get phished they send you an e-mail pretending to be from a bank or other financial institution," he said.
RSA discovered the attack early on Wednesday and has worked with others to get the fake site shut down. At a peak on Thursday as many as 80,000 of the phishing e-mails were being sent out, according to Curry.
Instead of a legitimate download of Adobe Player a Trojan that steals sensitive data is installed.
Comment:
Internet has long been faced with security problems. There are new ways of stealing information over internet. Phishing is one way for internet thief to steal information such as user name, password and credit card number by mostly creating fake websites for example.
In the news, it shows that a fake CNN webpage shows link for news reader to click on to download the latest version of Adobe Flash Player in order to be able to see news video files. Then the Trojan installed on the download link will take the information such as financial information by looking for encrypted communications between the computer and known financial institutions.
Internet users must be careful and aware of the internet crime happening since there are many forms of it.
Kay
News card.
Exoskeleton power steering
http://www.newscientist.com/article/dn16357-invention-exoskeleton-power-steering.html
Last year saw the first handful of prototype robotic exoskeletons go on sale to the public – with the most advanced being the full-body HAL robot suit made by Japanese firm Cyber dyne.
The technology is still far from mature, however, and one of the biggest problems facing the builders of the strength-boosting outfits is how they know how to help the wearer.
HAL and most other suits use electrodes to measure the electrical activity in a person's muscles. That information is used to ensure a suit helps rather than hinders – by moving in just the same way as the user but with greater strength.
Cyberdyne claims that HAL can magnify a person's strength by between two and 10 times.
But this technique can have difficulties measuring and interpreting electrical activity in the body – in particular, the way electrical activity varies between individuals, and the confusing electrical signals given off by many muscles in one part of the body moving at once.
Now Japanese car giant Honda is patenting a different approach for its own exoskeletons. The company's suit senses the force and velocity of a limb in motion and then attempts to match the movement using whatever force is necessary.
The approach is similar to that used in the electric power steering of cars, where sensors detect the motion of the steering wheel and translate that to the car's wheels using servos.
The approach should be easier to implement and more reliable for a varied user base than monitoring muscles' electrical activity, Honda's patent claims.
The patented idea may already be in use in this spindly lower-body exoskeleton that is designed to assist walking and crouching in elderly or weakened people. Sensors in shoes detect the wearer's movements and help the system take some of the load.
Kay
Distance learning..
Distance learning is quite interesting and advantage for the modern world. There also no need to travel and save the money also. But in that case it is really useful and yet disadvantage is there is no direct contact with the teachers. For me even thought how much distance learning is popular I think traditional way of learning is also needed for the young students. Young students need to be learn social life in dealing with others in the schools with the friends. Not only learning from computer but also learn from the peers also needed because we are not alone and we must learn how to live in the community while dealing with the friends and also interacting with the teachers also. That is very important for the life if the children miss that part of life they will be alien for the world.
I think we can’t not deny that distance learning is very useful and at the same time we can’t forget to use traditional way of learning.
Source : http://www.lemonde.fr/technologies/article/2009/01/08/la-firme-a-la-pomme-se-met-au-vert_1139365_651865.html#ens_id=1138183
Author : Joël Morio
Nano, iPhone, or computer touch-screen or mini- Apple have not made an announcement for their debut at Macworld Exhibition held from 6 to 8 January in San Francisco, USA. Despite the absence of its iconic boss Steve Jobs, the firm Apple have introduced a new MacBook Pro laptop with a screen diagonal of 17 inches. Thinner than the previous version. This new model is more environmentally friendly. It consumes less energy with a battery that can reach more than eight hours of battery life that supports 1000 charges and discharges that has a theoretical life of five years and also has longevity avoiding replacement and the recycling of hazardous waste to the environment. In addition, the new laptop does not use arsenic or mercury. Especially, with a minimum price of 2 500 euros, the new device is an important investment that we want to keep for a long time. On a more innovative note Apple said that the songs sold on its site to shop online iTunes Store will be gradually sold unprotected and therefore copied. However, songs can see their price increased to € 1.29, against € 0.99 today. The consolation is that some securities should be sold off at 0.69 €. The American firm has also made significant improvements to applications, including those for the treatment of photo and video in iLife suite of software installed on the Mac.
For most authors authentic learning is the perspective of constructivism or social constructivism.
In the simplest case we speak of an object from authentic documents or extra-curricular activities are introduced in the classroom to help learning without wholesale changes to activities and pedagogies.
For some it comes to learning authentically when they are built into the interaction with real-world problems in projects that make sense for students. (Visible Knowledge Project [1])
* Around authentic tasks that are meaningful for the learner
* Guided by teachers providing a framework (scaffolding)
* Students explore and investigate,
* Students compare their ideas, reflected in a social situation.
* Students have access to a variety of sources of information.
(Donovan, 1999)
Authentic learning (Newmann, Marks and Gamoran, 1995) Authentic intellectual achievenment is first defined in relation to the intellectual work of adults in various fields. It is defined by 3 criteria for skilled professionals, and for the students:
* To build their knowledge by creating an object or text that they produce ; not reproduced only from the work of others.
* "Disciplinary Investigation" (Disciplined Inquiry): characterized by
o Basic prior knowledge":
o "A thorough understanding" on developing an understanding of the issues in depth rather than on the surface.
o Communication developed: The professionals communicate their activities using rich language.
* Value outside school: The real achievements have value outside the school: personal, aesthetic, utility beyond mere certification of the competence of the learner.
Therefore definitions are based on the authenticity of materials and data that supports learning, based on processes, pedagogies, or the knowledge produced.
asellipo
Based on years of research in 1956, Benjamin Bloom and his team of educational psychologists have determined the correlation between psychology and learning. The result is Bloom's Taxonomy. It is comprised of six levelsof psychological degrees in learning. In descending order: Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis and Evaluation.
According to Bloom this is important because it follows the logic of human thought in all learning of knowledge. Between Knowledge and Evaluation there are four other passages psychic mandatory (Comprehension, Application, Analysis and Synthesis) and at each stage human psychology asks questions such as ;
Knowledge: What is ..?
Comprehension : How would you compare and contrast ...?
Application ; Can you organize _______ to show ...?
Analysis : How would you classify ...?
Synthesis ; Can you predict an outcome?
Evaluation : Do you agree with .....?
To achieve the learning outcomes sought
However, recently other researchers have criticized Bloom's taxonomy, and believe that the six-step hierarchy for learning is not justified because it is quite possible to achieve the same result without respecting the order of steps. Among them are the following: Robert J, Marzano.
Thitima Chawla
Id 5129514
News card No 8
Title: 6 Reasons Why the Palm Pre Is Special
Author: Priya Ganapati
Source: http://blog.wired.com/gadgets Jan 12, 09
At a time when every new touch screen phone looks like yet another revise of the iPhone, except with a clunkier operating system, the Palm Pre comes up with new things. The device is smart, sexy and interesting. And its operating system is both visually tempting and appears to be technically sophisticated.
The Pre was clearly the hottest device at the Consumer Electronics Show this year. Still, there are important details such as pricing and launch date that have yet to be worked out. And no one knows yet when that is going to happen. Not enough information are gathered yet to state anything about the phone’s usability, speed, features or other important details.
Even so, there are a lot of reasons to get excited about it based on what we know so far. Here are six:
1. It fuses a touch screen and keyboard in one attractive package.
The iPhone is an excellent touch screen phone, no doubt. But for heavy texters and e-mail addicts, the lack of a physical keyboard can be annoying. The HTC G1 combined a touch screen and keyboard, but that phone's poor finish and clunky design only made it easier for the iPhone to sell based on their design. Now Palm may have actually pulled off a feat to make both touch screen and the keyboard loyalists happy. The Pre has a great finish and comes in an attractive black casing that should be enough to satisfy the pickiest.
2. It improves on the iPhone.
Removable battery. Copy and paste. Better camera. A touch screen that extends beyond the display to about an inch below the screen. Awesome web integration. Universal search. The Palm Pre has it all, making the iPhone looks almost behind in technology.
3. Multitasking.
The iPhone's apps are great and a big part of the phone's appeal. But have you ever tried to listen to Pandora while you're checking Gmail? Can't do it. The iPhone's limitation on running multiple apps is a serious drawback. The HTC G1 improves on that with the notifications drawer, but it's an insufficient solution because it's still too hard to see what's currently running.
The Palm Pre solves that problem. It treats applications as "cards" and makes it easy to flip through the deck of cards, view them at once and shuffle them. The apps are live even when minimized, and you don't lose your place even if you move to a different one or move to a new one.
4. Integrated contacts.
We all have lives that go beyond the phone or beyond work e-mail. The Palm Pre pulls together info, photos and current online status data from Facebook, Gmail, and Exchange and seamlessly integrates them into the address book and contacts. That makes it easier to chat and message with just a single click.
5. Choice of network and flavors.
The Pre will launch on Sprint but is likely to be available on other networks after a few months. That means a choice of networks for potential users unlike the iPhone, which is exclusive to AT&T in the United States for five years. Palm also is reportedly developing a GSM version of the device for Europe and Asia.
6. Everyone loves the underdog.
With the Palm Pilot and the early Treos, Palm was the original favorite of all gadget fanatics. But in the last few years the company has been struggling to survive as its products failed. Palm's biggest hit in the last three years has been a $99 pedestrian Smartphone called Centro: It's been popular with budget-conscious and to almost everyone else.
The Pre has an optional accessory: The touchstone, a smooth pebble-like wireless charger that you set your Pre onto and let it suck up the juice without any wires.
Thitima Chawla
ID: 5129514
a)Authentic learning:
Authentic Learning typically focuses on real-world, complex problems and their solutions,
using role-playing exercises, problem-based activities, case studies, and participation in
virtual communities of practice. The learning environments are inherently multidisciplinary.
They are “not constructed in order to teach geometry or to teach philosophy. A learning
environment is similar to some ‘real world’ application or discipline for example: managing a city, building a house, flying an airplane, etc.
This approach to teaching and learning enables students to participate fully in a learning community where the teacher is not the only source of knowledge and information. It encourages full involvement in a community of learners that includes other students, parents, teachers, and outside experts. Technology becomes a tool, supporting the learning process as students seek new knowledge and understanding. The challenge is to define the new approach to teaching and learning with sufficient clarity that it becomes a useful idea for educators as they make decisions about instructional materials, activities, and strategies for teaching.
Educational researchers have found that students involved in authentic learning are motivated to continue regardless of first confusion or frustration, as long as the exercise creates the social structure and culture that gives the discipline meaning and relevance. The learning event basically encourages students to compare their personal interests with those of a working disciplinary community. Colleges and universities across the country are turning to authentic learning practices and putting the focus back on the learner in an effort to improve the way students absorb, retain and transfer knowledge.
b)How much importance does bloom’s taxonomy have on learning?
Bloom’s Taxonomy of learning with the online learning. Bloom’s Taxonomy of learning has long been known since 1956 before there was the internet. It divides educational objectives into three domains, but the video focuses on the cognitive domain. Cognitive domain, involves knowledge and the development of intellectual skills. This includes the recall or recognition of specific facts, procedural patterns, and concepts that serve in the development of intellectual abilities and skills. There are six major categories which are Knowledge, Comprehension, Application, Analysis, Synthesis and Evaluation. The categories can be thought of as degrees of difficulties. That is, the first one must be mastered before the next one can take place. Bloom and his colleague established a hierarchy of educational objectives, which is generally referred to as Bloom's Taxonomy. They divide educational objectives into three domains which must be understood Bloom’s taxonomy is widely used. It helps the teachers to come up with the objectives of individual sections and helps them to create better curriculum. It helps them to get through the important parts of the lessons that they want the students to remember and take with them.
Thitima Chawla
ID: 5129514
Distant learning
Distant learning is a good way to educate people all around the world without having to be present at the place for it. All this is possible due to the advancement of technology. It saves a lot of time and money to travel to places to be educated. Many people have dreams to graduate from abroad but they cannot afford it. Distant learning has made that possible for those people. Where there are advantages there has to be some disadvantages as well so the disadvantages of distant learning is that there is a lack of contact between students, teachers and peers. Cheating can take place easily by having other people to do exam.
Despites of the many good things about distance learning, it cannot really completely replace traditional learning. Traditional learning is more suitable for children and young adults who still need disciplines and face-to-face interaction. Young learners need to have their social life or else it will be very difficult for them to interact with people in person. They will lack confidence to speak in public hence leading to less presentations for projects and company presentation.
Young students learn more from school environment so in my opinion distant learning cannot totally replace traditional way of learning. There is a difference not only in the curriculum but also in the learning experience. The content in the curriculum for online education must relate to the understanding for an online interaction for students and teachers. Students need to have adequate technology skills and knowledge such as how to assess information and use online learning tools. Group work is also difficult to conduct since learning online usually learnt independently. Students who choose to do an online learning must b highly motivated to finish the course.
The Basics of E-learning: An Excerpt from Handbook of Human Factors in Web Design
By Lisa Neal, eLearn Magazine, and Diane Miller, Aptima, Inc.
We entered the era of E-learning and we are still in the process of perfecting this kind of education. Let's have a look at the most and the least of e-learning
Advantages and disadvantages
The benefits of e-learning are numerous as it is for business decision-makers, trainers and learners. It would be wrong to assume that e-learning is a panacea to any challenge. There are pending the benefits that you must reasonably accommodate.
What are the advantages of e-learning for the company, the learner and the trainer?
For the company :
Reducing costs
Training a large number of employees
Reducing the number of trips
Active participation of the employee
Transfer of knowledge and know-how
Flexibility
Dynamism and innovation
Promotion of corporate culture
Individualization
Synergy professional
Adaptation based on the availability of learners
Decrease the logistical
For the learner:
Saving time
Flexibility
Personalized monitoring of progress in the course
Communication and exchanges
Personalized training
Self-assessment and self -
For the trainer:
Interactivity
Organizational flexibility
Evaluation of Pre-requisite
Autonomy and empowerment of learners
Regular monitoring of learners
Individualization of course
What are the disadvantages of e-learning in relation to training in attendance?
• The e-learning solutions are not adaptable to all situations.
• The effort motivational
• The investment in equipment and software
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